, Sacrifice another creature: Each opponent loses 2 life and you gain 2 life.

Whenever a Forest is tapped for mana, its controller adds an additional .

Whenever Vernal Sovereign enters or attacks, create a green and white Elemental creature token with "This creature's power and toughness are each equal to the number of creatures you control."

Flying, deathtouch, lifelink

Whenever you activate an ability that isn't a mana ability, if life was paid to activate it, you may pay that much life again. If you do, copy that ability. You may choose new targets for the copy.

Vertigo deals 2 damage to target creature with flying. That creature loses flying until end of turn.

Choose two —

• Switch target creature's power and toughness until end of turn.

• Target creature can't be blocked this turn.

• Draw a card. If that card's art is by Wayne England, you may reveal it and draw another card.

• Assemble a Contraption.

Choose two —

• Draw a card from an opponent's library.

• Copy target instant or sorcery spell. You may choose new targets for the copy.

• Until end of turn, target creature loses all abilities and becomes a blue Frog with base power and toughness 1/1.

• Create a 1/1 colorless Gnome artifact creature token.

Choose two —

• Counter target black-bordered spell.

• Return target creature to its owner's hand.

• Untap each permanent you control with a watermark.

• Roll two six-sided dice. Target player mills X cards, where X is the total of those results.

, Pay 1 life: Add one mana of any color.

When Vessel of Endless Rest enters, put target card from a graveyard on the bottom of its owner's library.

: Add one mana of any color.

, Sacrifice Vessel of Paramnesia: Target player mills three cards. Draw a card.

You may have Vesuvan Doppelganger enter as a copy of any creature on the battlefield, except it doesn't copy that creature's color and it has "At the beginning of your upkeep, you may have this creature become a copy of target creature, except it doesn't copy that creature's color and it has this ability."

As Vesuvan Shapeshifter enters or is turned face up, you may choose another creature on the battlefield. If you do, until Vesuvan Shapeshifter is turned face down, it becomes a copy of that creature, except it has "At the beginning of your upkeep, you may turn this creature face down."

Morph

Other creatures you control get +0/+1.

As long as Veteran Bodyguard is untapped, all damage that would be dealt to you by unblocked creatures is dealt to Veteran Bodyguard instead.

: Target Human gains double strike until end of turn.

When Veteran Charger enters the battlefield, choose a creature card in your hand. It perpetually gets +2/+2.

When Veteran Explorer dies, each player may search their library for up to two basic land cards, put them onto the battlefield, then shuffle.

Valiant — Whenever Veteran Guardmouse becomes the target of a spell or ability you control for the first time each turn, it gets +1/+0 and gains first strike until end of turn. Scry 1. (Look at the top card of your library. You may put that card on the bottom.)

Whenever Veteran of the Depths becomes tapped, you may put a +1/+1 counter on it.

Survival — At the beginning of your second main phase, if Veteran Survivor is tapped, exile up to one target card from a graveyard.

As long as there are three or more cards exiled with Veteran Survivor, it gets +3/+3 and has hexproof. (It can't be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.)

Veteran Warleader's power and toughness are each equal to the number of creatures you control.

Tap another untapped Ally you control: Veteran Warleader gains your choice of first strike, vigilance, or trample until end of turn.

Equipped creature gets +2/+0.

Equip Soldier

Equip (: Attach to target creature you control. Equip only as a sorcery.)

Equipped creature gets +1/+1.

Equip (: Attach to target creature you control. Equip only as a sorcery.)

Flash

Vigilance

Aegis of the Emperor — Commanders you control have protection from everything.

Flying

Whenever Vexing Radgull deals combat damage to a player, that player gets two rad counters if they don't have any rad counters. Otherwise, proliferate. (Choose any number of permanents and/or players, then give each another counter of each kind already there.)

This spell can't be countered.

: Target spell can't be countered.

Vigilance

: Add an amount of equal to Vhal, Candlekeep Researcher's toughness. This mana can't be spent to cast spells from your hand.

Choose a Background (You can have a Background as a second commander.)

Whenever you cast your first spell each turn, choose an opponent at random. Vial Smasher the Fierce deals damage equal to that spell's mana value to that player or a planeswalker that player controls.

Partner (You can have two commanders if both have partner.)

Kicker (You may pay an additional as you cast this spell.)

Haste

If Viashino Branchrider was kicked, it enters with two +1/+1 counters on it.

: Viashino Branchrider gets +2/+0 until end of turn.

Haste

When Viashino Firstblade enters, it gets +2/+2 until end of turn.

, : Destroy target artifact. Viashino Heretic deals damage to that artifact's controller equal to the artifact's mana value.

When Viashino Pyromancer enters, it deals 2 damage to target player or planeswalker.

Menace (This creature can't be blocked except by two or more creatures.)

Haste (This creature can attack and as soon as it comes under your control.)

At the beginning of the end step, return Viashino Sandstalker to its owner's hand. (Return it only if it's on the battlefield.)

: Viashino Slasher gets +1/-1 until end of turn.

First strike (This creature deals combat damage before creatures without first strike.)

Flying

: Viashivan Dragon gets +1/+0 until end of turn.

: Viashivan Dragon gets +0/+1 until end of turn.

When Vicious Battlerager enters, you take the initiative.

Spiked Retribution — Whenever Vicious Battlerager becomes blocked by a creature, that creature's controller loses 5 life.

Whenever Vicious Conquistador attacks, each opponent loses 1 life.

Kicker—Sacrifice a creature. (You may sacrifice a creature in addition to any other costs as you cast this spell.)

Target creature gets -2/-2 until end of turn. If this spell was kicked, that creature gets -5/-5 until end of turn instead.

At the beginning of your upkeep, if there are four or more creature cards in your graveyard, return a creature card at random from your graveyard to your hand.

Choose a Background (You can have a Background as a second commander.)

Destroy target artifact or land. Its controller loses 1 life.

Untap Victory Chimes during each other player's untap step.

: A player of your choice adds .

Flying

Whenever Victory's Herald attacks, attacking creatures gain flying and lifelink until end of turn.

Target creature gains flying until end of turn. If you control a white permanent, return View from Above to its owner's hand.

Graft 2 (This creature enters with two +1/+1 counters on it. Whenever another creature enters, you may move a +1/+1 counter from this creature onto it.)

: Untap target creature with a +1/+1 counter on it.

Whenever a creature you control dies, you may pay . If you do, you gain X life.

Sacrifice Vigilant Martyr: Regenerate target creature.

, , Sacrifice Vigilant Martyr: Counter target spell that targets an enchantment.

Trample

If damage would be dealt to another creature you control, prevent that damage. Put a +1/+1 counter on that creature for each 1 damage prevented this way.

When Vigor is put into a graveyard from anywhere, shuffle it into its owner's library.